전통문화대전망 - 음식 관습 - 개 몸에 버짐이 있는데 무슨 연고로 합니까
개 몸에 버짐이 있는데 무슨 연고로 합니까
1, 연고 종류 < P > 개 버짐 치료,
(1) 가려움증 정화: 황산염 황화물 등 활성 성분이 함유되어 곰팡이 감염을 억제하고 강력한 살균과 탈막 효과를 제공한다. 하지만 연고가 더 자극적이기 때문에 개가 연고를 핥지 않도록 주의해야 한다.
(2) 청녕: 소염 살균 성분을 함유하고 있어 증상을 빠르게 없애고 열을 맑게 하며 가려움을 없앨 수 있다. 곰팡이 감염을 포함한 다양한 피부병에 적합합니다.
(3) 곰팡이 연고: 곰팡이 세포를 죽여 곰팡이 감염을 빠르게 퇴화시키는 동시에 사용이 편리하고 연고를 밀어내기 쉽다.
2, 연고 사용방법 < P > 개에게 버짐 증상이 나타나면 개에게 연고를 사용해야 할 때 올바른 사용방법을 파악해 강아지의 2 차 감염을 방지해야 한다. 구체적인 사용 방법은
(1) 먼저 개를 목욕시키고 건조할 때까지 몸의 털과 피부를 청소한다.
(2) 연고를 손바닥에 적당량 덜어 환부에 바르고 가볍게 마사지하여 개 피부에 고르게 분포되도록 한다.
(3) 증상이 사라질 때까지 하루에 한 번 또는 두 번 이상 연고를 사용한다.
3, 약 주의사항 < P > 약물 치료를 할 때 다음과 같은 사항을 유의해야 한다.
(1) 치료 과정에서 개 몸의 위생에 주의를 기울이고 세균의 성장과 감염과 같은 감염 요인을 피해야 한다.
(2) 증상이 완전히 사라질 때까지 충분한 치료 시간을 유지해야 하며, 치료를 시작하자마자 멈추는 것을 피하고 곰팡이 복귀를 초래할 수 있다.
(3) 치료 중 개가 서로 긁히지 않도록 2 차 감염, 통증, 가려운 증상이 심해지지 않도록 한다.
(4) 연고를 사용하는 과정에서 개가 연고를 핥는 것을 피하면 연고가 독성반응을 일으킬 수 있다.
4, 약물 치료 효과 < P > 연고는 개 몸에 있는 버짐병을 치료하는데, 치료 효과는 치료법, 개 체질, 증상에 따라 다르다. 치료 과정에서 후속 증상이 있다면, 의사의 도움을 받아 문제를 해결해야 한다. 또한 연고를 사용할 때는 연고가 건조되지 않도록 정확한 포장과 보존에 주의해야 한다.
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- The new regulations on bills have landed! The longest term of commercial bills is 6 months, and the acceptance and margin are both risky, which is good for the small and medium-sized micro-bills market to enter a new stage of development. On November 18th, the People's Bank of China and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission revised and promulgated the Administrative Measures on Acceptance, Discount and Rediscussion of Commercial Bills (hereinafter referred to as the Measures). The Measures came into force on January 1, 223. On the same day when the Measures were issued, the Shanghai Bills Exchange also issued the Operating Rules for Information Disclosure of Commercial Bills for supporting implementation. < /p > compared with the interim measures for the administration of acceptance, discount and rediscount of commercial bills in 1997, this interim measures is the first comprehensive revision after a lapse of 25 years, and the word "temporary" in the old version has been removed from the name, which is called "new bill regulations" by the industry. < /p > "The previous version of the Interim Measures focused on business management, while the new version of the Measures focused on standardized management." Xiao Xiaohe, executive director of Jiuyin Bill Research Institute of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, believes that this shows that the bill market has developed into an indispensable tool for financial markets and serving the real economy. < /p > In recent years, the domestic economic and financial situation and the bill market environment have changed. The Measures clarify the nature and classification of relevant bills, strengthen the information disclosure and credit restraint mechanism, and more importantly, strengthen the risk control of the bill industry, and put forward targeted management requirements for the main problems existing in the bill market in recent years. < /p > What concerns the market is that many amendments to the Measures are beneficial to small and medium-sized enterprises. Among them, the long-awaited desire of small and medium-sized enterprises to shorten the term of bills has been realized. In addition, another issue discussed by the market is that the Measures put forward two risk control indicators, namely, acceptance balance and margin balance, which will regulate the behavior of market participants from the perspective of risk. < /p > The longest term of commercial bills is reduced to 6 months < /p > The longest term of commercial bills in China has experienced a dynamic change process. According to the Payment and Settlement Measures issued by the People's Bank of China in 1997, the longest term of a commercial bill is six months, but this is generally used for paper bills. In 29, in order to promote the transition of bills from paper commercial bills to electronic commercial bills, the relevant management measures limited the longest period of electronic commercial bills to one year. < /p > After the establishment of Shanghai Bill Exchange, bill trading entered the era of electronic bills. At this point, the above-mentioned "Measures" will eventually unify the maximum term of commercial bills to 6 months. < /p > This is undoubtedly a big plus for SMEs. For a long time, high accounts receivable is a "sword" hanging over the heads of small and medium-sized enterprises. < /p > "As there is still the problem of unequal market position objectively, large enterprises often take advantage of their strong market position to extend the term of accounts payable, such as extending the term of accounts payable to 6-9 months by using electronic commercial bills of exchange, which takes up too much funds of small and medium-sized micro-suppliers, resulting in the problems of accounts receivable accumulation, slow capital turnover and increased capital cost of small and medium-sized micro-enterprises." Zhao Cila, senior consultant of the Financial Market Center of CITIC Bank Shanghai Branch, told the reporter. < /p > in response to the voice of small and medium-sized enterprises, since last year, the the State Council executive meeting has repeatedly deployed support for the relief and development of individual industrial and commercial households in small and medium-sized enterprises, and studied shortening the acceptance period of electronic commercial bills from one year to six months to reduce the pressure on enterprises to occupy funds. < /p > A number of interviewees in the industry said that according to international practice, the account period of enterprise accounts receivable is usually two to three months. For example, in the United States, the term of commercial paper is no longer than 27 days, that is, 9 months; In Japan, the issuance period of commercial paper is mainly 1-3 months, accounting for about 6% of all issuance periods. < /p > This time, the Measures adjusted the maximum term of commercial bills from one year to six months, which reduced the account cycle and financing cost of SMEs from the institutional level. < /p > "The obvious policy intention of the central bank is to protect the rights and interests of small and medium-sized enterprises." Zhou Minzhi, assistant to the president of Hualin Securities and president of Bill Tribe, said. < /p > It is worth mentioning that the shortening of the longest term of commercial bills is another new change in the bill market. At the beginning of June this year, the new generation of bill business system launched by Shanghai Bill Exchange realized the detachable function of bill "change payment", that is, the amount of bill package can be disassembled into any amount from the smallest to the smallest for payment. < /p > In Zhou Minzhi's view, the shortening of the bill term and the "split" function of the new generation bill business system have greatly improved the convenience of payment for bill holders. "The original large bill cannot be applied to the payment of small transaction scenarios because it cannot be split, but now the split function enables large bills to be broken up and zeroed for different payment scenarios." < /p > In this regard, Zhao Cila also said that strengthening the bill payment function is more conducive to promoting the bills of accounts receivable. "In the market, the more short-term bills, the more people are willing to accept them. Even if a small and medium-sized enterprise gets a six-month bill, if it goes to finance, it only needs to bear the financing cost for up to six months. " < /p > because bills have both credit and capital attributes, commercial banks are the main force in allocating bill assets in the secondary market of bills. The shortening of the term of commercial bills, many people in the industry believe, may increase the interest rate fluctuation and transaction scale in the secondary market of bills in the short term. < /p > Zhou Haibin, vice president of Shanghai Pulan Financial Services Co., Ltd. thinks: "On the premise that the discounted bills are still credit assets, the overall demand of institutions to buy tickets will increase, and at the same time, due to the shortened duration of assets, institutions need to increase the frequency of band transactions to maintain the stability of profit income." < /p > Zhou Minzhi believes that the shortening of the duration of bill assets means that the interest rate may be reduced for a longer period, and the reduction of its income space also reduces the spread income of commercial banks, which tests the comprehensive management ability of commercial banks; But on the other hand, it may also reduce the discount rate of bills, which will bring good news to the bill financing of entity enterprises. < /p > The new regulations fully support small and medium-sized enterprises < /p > Besides the payment function, bill discount is also a common financing method for small and medium-sized enterprises, which embodies the financing attribute of bills. The "Measures" have made many amendments in favor of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of bill discount. < /p > Zhou Minzhi noticed that in the past, only contract invoices were submitted for discounted materials, which was relatively simple. Now, the "Measures" expand the discount materials to almost all "materials that can reflect the real trading relationship and the relationship between creditor's rights and debts". < /p > "This means that warehouse receipts, running water and other materials can be submitted as long as they conform to the real situation. On the one hand, it restores the part of' creditor's rights and debts' in Article 1 of the Negotiable Instruments Law; On the other hand, the restrictions on certification materials have been liberalized, which has been expanded compared with the original method, which will further help the bill financing to support the real economy. " Zhou minzhi said. < /p > The group that is "smaller" than the generally recognized small and micro enterprises should be the individual industrial and commercial households. After the publication of the Measures, Zhao Cila found that what everyone in the WeChat group began to discuss more was that the Measures extended the subject of ticket holders to natural persons. < /p > according to article 14 of the measures, the holders of commercial bills applying for discount should be natural persons, legal persons and their branches and unincorporated organizations legally established in the people's Republic of China. < /p > In Zhao Cila's view, adding "natural person" as the ticket holder is a big difference between this official announcement and the draft for comment, which reflects the state's emphasis on individual industrial and commercial households as the market subject, and enables hundreds of millions of existing individual industrial and commercial households and rural contracted households to become ticket holders and discount applicants for commercial bills, which facilitates the use and financing of micro-enterprises, and embodies the principle that "individual industrial and commercial households are important market subjects". < /p > With the increasing number of overdue commercial bills, the Measures also made the penalties for overdue acceptors stricter, put forward stronger disciplinary measures, and strengthened the credit restraint mechanism for acceptors. < /p > Article 36 of the Measures stipulates: "Financial institutions shall not handle bill acceptance, discount, guarantee, pledge and other businesses for commercial bill acceptors in the last two years." < /p > "This means that institutions that are not creditworthy will be removed from the bill business' list' by financial institutions in the future. Such a disciplinary mechanism has played a very important and key role in further purifying the credit of the bill market. " Zhou Minzhi further explained that this provision draws lessons from Japan's practice, and Japan's bill law implements a "non-crossing" system for non-payment of bills. This kind of sanction system is undoubtedly fatal to the enterprises that issue bills, but it plays a vital and positive role in maintaining the credit order of bills. < /p > Risk control by "two lines" of acceptance and deposit < /p > Strengthening risk control is another focus that the Measures have attracted more attention from the market. Article 24 of the Measures restricts the proportion of acceptance bills and deposits of banks and finance companies, requiring them not to exceed 15% of the total assets of the acceptor and 1% of the scale of deposits absorbed respectively. < /p > "These two lines actually regulate and restrict individual financial institutions that rely too much on bill assets and deposits derived from bill business from the perspective of risk prevention of the whole industry. Acceptance is an off-balance-sheet business for banks and finance companies. In the past, there have been cases in which risks spread because transitional acceptance could not be paid on time. " Zhou Minzhi said. < /p > A financial company, known as an "internal bank of an enterprise", is a non-bank financial institution, which mainly absorbs deposits from group members, handles loans and settles funds. Previously, its acceptance bills were also called "silver bills". However, in recent years, there are not a few cases in which financial companies have been punished for irregularities in bill business. < /p > The case mentioned by the market is the case of Finance Company of Baota Petrochemical Group. Baota Petrochemical Group used to be a "star-class" private enterprise in northwest China. From 216 to 218, it relied too much on its financial companies for bill financing, which led to the explosive growth of bills payable. Finally, it fell into a debt of 1 billion yuan and "thundered", making its founder become a "prisoner" from the "richest man" in Ningxia, and the ending made the market embarrassed. < /p > This time, the Measures specifically defined the scope of acceptors of various commercial bills, defined the scope of "silver bills" and "financial bills", and stipulated that "silver bills" were commercial bills accepted by banks and rural credit cooperatives. < /p > For banks, the above two assessment indicators are mainly aimed at some banks' blind use of acceptance bonds as the main means to absorb deposits, so as to prevent the liquidity risk caused by the sudden drop of debt-side deposits after bank acceptance bills are paid at maturity, but the assets-side loans have not been recovered. < /p > The reporter learned that in order to cope with the pressure of regulatory assessment indicators, many commercial banks issued a large number of bank notes at the end of half a year, the end of the year and other assessment time points to absorb acceptance deposits to increase deposits to meet the assessment requirements of loan-to-deposit ratio. This operation has become normal. < /p > "However, the deposits of these acceptance bills are different from ordinary deposits, and the silver bills issued have maturity dates, for example, they will expire in half a year, one year and other nodes. Once the centralized payment period is reached, the deposit of acceptance bills previously absorbed by banks will fall' cliff-like' with the payment of silver tickets. The loans released during this period cannot be recovered at the same time, which will lead to bank liquidity risks. " An industry insider revealed. < /p > It is worth noting that the "two lines" have been implemented since January 1, 224, giving some individual small banks and financial companies floating up and down the "two lines" a transition period, and they have one year to make business adjustments and preparations. < /p > Many interviewees believe that Article 24 will not have a significant impact on the current bill market as a whole. < /p > According to the data of China Merchants Securities, there is little pressure to rectify the maximum acceptance balance of listed banks. By the end of June 222, the total balance of bank acceptance bills of 42 A-share listed banks was 1.24 trillion yuan, which was only 4.2% of the asset size, far below the upper limit of 15%. From the perspective of specific banks, the ratio of acceptance balance to total assets is lower than 15% except Zheshang Bank, and Ping An Bank and Qilu Bank are around 15%. Generally speaking, the acceptance balance of stock banks is large, and the ratio of acceptance balance to asset size of state-owned banks is very low, both below 5%.
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