Let’s talk about the causes and possible measures of global changes in our country based on reality.

Climate change is a major global issue of widespread concern to the international community. As a responsible developing country, China attaches great importance to the issue of climate change. In the face of increasingly serious climate change issues such as global warming, China has established a national climate change response coordination agency and adopted a series of policies and measures related to addressing climate change in accordance with the requirements of the national sustainable development strategy. , making positive contributions to mitigating and adapting to climate change. However, there is a long way to go. In the future, China will definitely take further steps on climate change. We also believe that the impact of climate change will become increasingly apparent. Countries working together to address climate change and jointly promote green and low-carbon development have become the mainstream of the world today. The impact of global climate change The impact of global climate change on the present: 1. The frequency of low-temperature weather (including day and night) and frost in land areas has decreased, with a probability of more than 90%. 2. The frequency of hot weather (including day and night) increases, with a probability of more than 90%. 3. Heat waves occur more frequently in most land areas, with a probability of more than 66%. 4. The occurrence rate of extremely high sea levels increases, with the probability exceeding 66%. 5. Since the 1970s, the number of areas affected by drought has increased around the world, with the probability exceeding 66% in some areas. 6. Heat waves will sweep most land areas more frequently, with a probability of more than 66%. 7. Tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic has increased since 1970, with the probability exceeding 66% in some areas. The impact of global climate change on the future: 1. The possibility of shrinking snow cover areas, accelerating thawing of permafrost zones, and reducing the amount of sea ice is more than 99%. 2. The frequency of extremely hot weather, heat waves and heavy precipitation increases, with the probability exceeding 90%. 3. The intensity of tropical cyclones increases, and the probability exceeds 66%. 4. Precipitation will increase in high latitudes, with a probability of more than 90%. 5. Precipitation in subtropical land areas will decrease, with a probability of more than 90%. 6. Water resources in many semi-arid areas, including the western United States and the Mediterranean basin, will decrease, with a probability of more than 90% [2] 1.3 The impact of global climate change on the global situation Global climate change issues have brought unprecedented threats to human security and are extremely The earth has impacted the traditional concept of security. As far as the concept of security is concerned, it is generally considered to include two basic aspects: traditional security and non-traditional security. The traditional security concept attaches great importance to national security at the political and military levels, with particular emphasis on territorial security. It believes that the main means of maintaining security is military force, and war is the main way to resolve contradictions and conflicts between countries; in the non-traditional security concept, What is emphasized is that in addition to military and political threats to the country, other factors that pose threats to the survival and development of sovereign countries and their citizens, such as economic security, ecological and environmental security, information security, energy security, etc., such issues are It is caused by non-political and non-military factors and is characterized by transnationality and uncertainty.

my country’s policies and measures to address climate change 2.1 Promote energy conservation and emission reduction First, eliminate backward production capacity. From 2006 to 2008, my country eliminated backward iron-making capacity of 60.59 million tons, steel-making capacity of 43.47 million tons, cement production capacity of 140 million tons, and coke production capacity of 64.45 million tons. By the first half of 2009, 54.07 million small thermal power units had been shut down. kilowatts, completing the task of shutting down 50 million kilowatts of small thermal power units during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” one and a half years ahead of schedule. The second is to optimize the energy structure. As of 2008, my country's renewable energy utilization has reached 250 million tons of standard coal, and China ranks first in the world in terms of installed hydropower capacity, scale of nuclear power under construction, solar water heater collection area, and solar energy production capacity. The third is to promote technological progress. Accelerate the research and development of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, and conquer a number of key and decisive technologies that promote energy-saving and emission reduction; comprehensively implement ten key energy-saving projects and key environmental management projects; accelerate the establishment of energy-saving technology service systems, implement contract energy management, and cultivate Energy saving and environmental protection service market. The fourth is to increase forest carbon sinks. Actively implement ecological construction and protection policies such as natural forest protection, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, grassland construction and management, and nature reserve construction to further enhance the ability of forestry as a greenhouse gas sink. In the past five years, China's forest stock volume has increased at a rate of nearly 100 million cubic meters per year, and its forest coverage rate has increased from 14% in the early 1990s to 20%. The area of ​​artificial forest preservation ranks first in the world. The fifth is to strengthen basic management. Establish and improve the statistics, monitoring and assessment system for energy conservation and emission reduction, and implement a strict accountability system; implement minimum energy efficiency standards for energy-consuming products, expand the scope of implementation of mandatory energy efficiency labels; effectively focus on key energy-consuming enterprises such as electricity and steel, as well as buildings Energy conservation work in the transportation industry and public institutions has strengthened energy conservation management of key energy-consuming units; online monitoring of key pollution sources has been implemented to promote regional pollution control in key river basins and solve outstanding environmental problems; vigorously develop circular economy and promote different Typical experience of model circular economy. Sixth, improve policy mechanisms. Establish special funds for energy conservation, and adopt the method of "reward instead of subsidy" to support key energy conservation projects, high-efficiency energy-saving products, contract energy management, etc.

For enterprises that carry out energy conservation, develop circular economy and comprehensive utilization of resources, a tax reduction and exemption policy has been adopted; for projects that solve outstanding environmental problems, a "rewards-promoting" policy has been implemented, and certain financial incentives have been provided; for ecological protection tasks In difficult areas, we should study the mechanism of ecological compensation. [ 3 ] 2.2 Sustainable Development Climate issues are closely related to sustainable development. For this reason, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the issue of climate change and has adopted seven positive response measures: First, it established a national climate change coordination agency. Second, China has actively participated in international negotiations on climate change. Third, a series of policy measures have been adopted that are conducive to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, such as formulating and implementing a sustainable development strategy and treating climate change as an important part of the sustainable development strategy; striving to improve energy utilization efficiency; actively developing high-quality energy , strive to improve the energy structure; promote the use of new and renewable energy, support the development and utilization of new and renewable energy such as biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy, and geothermal energy in rural and remote areas; carry out large-scale afforestation activities. Fourth, we must conscientiously fulfill our specific obligations under the Convention. Fifth, carry out publicity and education activities on climate change to enhance public awareness of climate change. Sixth, carry out scientific research on climate change. Seventh, prepare for the implementation of the protocol. 2.3 The world actively responds to climate change Since the climate issue was raised, a series of international conferences have been held to address climate issues. Recently, a new round of the United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Durban, South Africa from November 28 to December 9. This is another important meeting of international climate negotiations. The international community attaches great importance to this meeting, and relevant countries have taken action before the meeting to warm up and ventilate the meeting through multilateral and bilateral mediation. Since the beginning of this year, relevant parties have held informal climate change negotiation meetings in Bangkok, Bonn and Panama, strongly calling on all countries to strengthen "good faith negotiations" and make efforts to promote the Durban Conference to achieve the expected results. Compared with the Bangkok and Bonn conferences, the Panama conference made significant progress, which increased people's confidence in the Durban conference. African leaders used the World Economic Forum Africa Conference held in Cape Town in August this year as a stage to call on African countries to unite, cooperate, and unify their stance to make the conference a success. In early September, Pacific Island countries held a summit in Auckland, New Zealand's largest city, calling on Pacific Islands Forum member states and the international community to strengthen cooperation on issues such as climate change. The Autumn Summit of EU Leaders was held in Brussels on October 23. The meeting reached a unified negotiating position within the EU on the Durban Conference. EU leaders attending the meeting unanimously stated that under certain conditions, the EU is willing to recognize the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. Based on the results of last year's Cancun Climate Conference, we will work hard to achieve a balanced and effective result at the Durban Conference. The above-mentioned remarks by EU leaders are a good thing for the Durban Conference and will help increase people's expectations and confidence in the Durban Conference. Not long ago, the U.S. special envoy for climate change and the European Commission climate change officials paid shuttle visits to China to discuss climate change issues with China and make advance preparations for the Durban Conference. As an important participant in climate negotiations, the Chinese government has always taken a positive stance on the negotiations and has repeatedly expressed its willingness to work with all parties to promote a positive, comprehensive and balanced outcome at the Durban International Climate Conference. It can be said that the global warm-up activities surrounding the Durban Conference are in full swing. However, due to the different interests and demands of all parties, especially the lack of responsibility and hesitation and passivity of some developed countries, the Durban Conference still faces many difficulties. First of all, whether the first and second commitment periods of the Kyoto Protocol can be organically connected is the core indicator for judging the success of the Durban Conference. However, some developed countries are unwilling to accept the second commitment period, trying to erase the results that the international community has already achieved in climate negotiations, and build a new set of frameworks and principles that suit their own interests. Developing countries firmly rejected this. Secondly, the financial and technical assistance promised by developed countries to developing countries lacks a guarantee mechanism and is difficult to implement. In particular, the US$100 billion in aid funds provided by developed countries to developing countries after 2013 is currently zero, making the negotiation task extremely arduous. Thirdly, the emission reduction targets of developed countries are still an unresolved issue. The medium-term emission reduction targets proposed by developed countries during the Cancun Conference are lower than the 25% to 40% emission reduction requirements proposed by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. If developed countries cannot commit to significantly increasing their emission reduction levels, it will definitely hinder the negotiation process. [4] Currently, as countries are warming up to the Durban Conference, addressing climate change and practicing low-carbon development have become the focus of global attention and common knowledge in all countries around the world. The international community’s enthusiasm for responding to global change issues has not diminished. , but enthusiasm alone is not enough. The reality requires relevant countries to take concrete actions. In particular, developed countries should fulfill their commitments and follow the mandate of the "Bali Road Map" to advance the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto The implementation of the Protocol has reached a new level to safeguard the common interests of all mankind.

3 Positive results achieved by my country in response to climate change 3.1 Promote the development of new energy in my country The development of new energy in China, especially the technological innovation of renewable energy, and the effective development and utilization of new energy such as biomass energy, wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy are An important choice for my country's strategic sustainable development, vigorously developing a low-carbon economy has effectively promoted the transformation of our country's economy and enhanced the competitiveness of energy companies. Promote the development of a harmonious socialist society. 3.2 Promote social development In addition to actively responding to climate change through the formulation and improvement of legislation, my country has also effectively carried out legal enforcement and supervision work on energy conservation and emission reduction and response to climate change, and achieved significant results in energy conservation and emission reduction. In 2008, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by 4.59% year-on-year, and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased by 4.42% and 5.95% respectively. In the past three years, energy consumption per unit of GDP has dropped by 10.08%, and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions have dropped by 6.61% and 8.95% respectively. From 2006 to 2008, 21.57 million kilowatts of small thermal power plants and 11,200 small coal mines were shut down in accordance with the law, and 46.59 million tons of backward iron-making capacity, 37.47 million tons of steel-making capacity, and 87 million tons of cement production capacity were eliminated. The results of these efforts have made positive contributions to addressing global climate change and have been highly recognized and evaluated by the international community. [ 5 ] 3.3 Improve international status my country actively promotes international cooperation to cope with global climate change. First of all, the Chinese delegation’s active mediation has injected impetus into the conference. Through active communication with the BASIC countries (China, India, Brazil, South Africa), the "Group of 77 + China", the Alliance of Small Island Countries and some non-governmental organizations, mutual understanding and solidarity have been enhanced. At the same time, regarding core issues such as the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol and the Green Climate Fund, the Chinese delegation communicated with “umbrella countries” such as the United States and Australia respectively, promoting the entire climate change negotiation process and safeguarding the interests of developing countries. . Secondly, actively demonstrate China’s efforts and achievements in addressing climate change. During the Durban Climate Conference, the Chinese delegation held a series of 23 side events, exchanges and publicity activities titled "China Corner", attracting a large number of delegates and media reporters. This is the first time that a Chinese government delegation has held a large-scale, all-round, three-dimensional display and dialogue event during the United Nations Climate Change Conference, and it has become an important window for the outside world to have an in-depth understanding of China's achievements in addressing climate change. Third, actively propose initiatives on global response to climate change. At the opening ceremony on the first day of the Durban Conference, China spoke on behalf of the BASIC countries and put forward the "fairness principle", clearly stating that it should not only look at the total carbon dioxide emissions of countries, but also the per capita emissions and historical per capita cumulative emissions to achieve fairness. , equitably address the climate change effects caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases. At the "China Corner" series of side events held on the 6th, Wang Yusuo, vice president of the China Private Chamber of Commerce, issued a global technology cooperation initiative with the theme of "Use my best to treat tomorrow", advocating that countries increase research and development and investment in clean energy technologies, etc. , fully recognized and supported by cooperative institutions such as Duke Energy in the United States. Fourth, China’s practical actions demonstrate China’s determination and sincerity to address climate change and promote international cooperation. Just one month before the Durban conference, the State Council of China discussed and approved the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions", which proposed a goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 17% by 2015 compared with 2010. It was praised by Figueres, Executive Secretary of the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and others. During the meeting, Xie Zhenhua, head of the Chinese delegation, stated that China can participate in the legally binding framework agreement after 2020 provided that five conditions are met. In addition, according to representatives of Chinese enterprises participating in the meeting, under the guidance and promotion of the Chinese government, Chinese enterprises have made the development of low-carbon economy a strategic focus of their enterprises, and the pursuit of maximizing the comprehensive economic, social and environmental value has been regarded as the key to corporate value. The core element, taking responsibility in action, has actually made outstanding contributions to the global response to climate change and greatly improved China's international status [6]. 4 China’s policies to deal with current and future climate issues In my opinion, China still has a long way to go in dealing with climate change. The following policies must be firmly implemented. The first is to strengthen legal system construction and strategic planning. Formulate a special law to address climate change, and revise relevant laws, regulations, ordinances, standards, etc. based on the needs of addressing climate change. The second is to accelerate economic structural adjustment. Through policy adjustments and institutional innovation, we will promote industrial optimization and upgrading and accelerate the transformation of economic development methods. Suppress the excessive growth of high-energy-consuming and high-emission industries. The third is to vigorously develop circular economy. Further coordinate low-carbon development strategies and other resource and environmental policies, support circular economy technology research and development, demonstration and promotion, and capacity building, and strive to increase resource output rates. It is to improve the ability to adapt to climate change. Attention should be paid to building the capacity to respond to extreme climate events, and improving the ability to adapt to climate change in key areas such as agriculture, forestry, water resources, and fourth, health and coastal and ecologically fragile areas. In this way, it can play a positive and constructive role, strive to promote the negotiation process, and make important contributions to addressing global climate change.